Controversies as a Result of the Alien and Sedition Acts Essay Example for Free

Contr all oversies as a Result of the estrange and Sedition Acts EssayIn the late 1700s and into the early 1800s, large controversies over the Alien and the Sedition Acts, containing quartet bills, took place. Some of the controversies included in-migration, slander and libel of the government, and postulates salutarys. While the controversy set the stage for Jeffersons election, it withal left some in tense and unsettled states. The Alien and Sedition Acts brought numerous disagreements upon the states. The Acts had two bills that seemed to rear out most among the government. The second bill of the Alien and Sedition Acts gave the President power to deport all in all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United Stats. Just in the first place the Acts were created, President George Washington wrote to the Vice-President John Adams in 1794 of his believe that immigrants brought with them not only their language, but their habits and forma l morals too. Later, he goes on to say, that this is not particularly a bad thing because as time goes on, as generations grow, all people will become one.Just before that though, in 1785, Thomas Jefferson had make shutdown to the same note, but a bit different. He believed it would be a miracle for the morals and beliefs of the immigrants to halt in changing at the exact point of liberty. He believed that infusing the aliens into our United States would create a heterogeneous, incoherent, distracted mass. Altogether, immigration was an extremely controversial topic.Each person had their own opinion, especially the rising parties who seemed to almost separate the area more. While the Acts had allowed the President this power, it also prohibited the slander of libel of the President or any another(prenominal) part of the government. It seems to almost be a coincidence. After this was passed, Federalist prosecutors arrested more than twenty Republican newspaper editors and politi cians. The Federalists had charge them of sedition, and convicted and jailed a number of them.Many believed that this part of the Sedition Act was against the First Amendment that forbade the abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press. As a matter of fact, the Republicans actually tried to charge the Sedition Act as a violation of the First Amendment, although it did not appeal to the Supreme Court. This was because the Court was not sure how to review the episode considering the board was made up of mostly Federalists. Jefferson sent a letter to Francis Hopkinson of Pennsylvania clearing up a rumor that he was a Federalist.He states that he never submitted the whole system of (his) opinions to the creed of any party of men whatever in religion, in philosophy, in politics, or in anything else where I was capable of thinking for myself. Last, but definitely not least, was the issue of whether or not the states had a right to judge the Constitution. After the Republicans tr ied to charge the Sedition Acts as a violation against the Constitution, Madison and Jefferson looked to the state legislature which led to their declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts to be unauthoritative, void, and of no force. This resolution set forth a states rights interpretation of the Constitution, asserting that the states had a right to judge the legitimacy of national laws.Albert Gallatin, a Democratic-Republican congressman from Pennsylvania, made a speech in the House of Representatives on the proposed Sedition Act wherein he stated, The only evidences brought by the supporters of this bill consist of writings expressing an opinion that certain measures of government have been dictated by an inexpedient policy, or by improper motives, and that some of them are unconstitutional. The Alien and Sedition Acts caused many controversies. The controversies led to many letters and arguments with the government. With this being said, the major problems seem to have been the topi cs of immigration, slander and libel of the government, and states rights. Although, after these controversies developed over the Acts, the Acts were then rethought. It is often wondered, even now, why the Alien and Sedition Acts were ever passed in the first place.

Explain Biblical Ideas About the Goodness of God Essay Example for Free

Explain Biblical Ideas Ab let out the Goodness of divinity fudge EssayThroughout the leger the rectitude of God is shown in many ways, the countersign presents God as existence morally perfect, and everything that he is or will ever be is also presented as morally perfect The Bible presents God as benevolent, an all loving figure. It displays this in a number of ways throughout the Bible, the first and possible the about important way is in the first book of the Bible, Genesis.Genesis states that everything that God creates is Very right When God created the world in the Genesis creation story he commanded various things. And God said, Let in that location be light and in that location was light, and God saw the light, that it was good and God divided the light from the repulsiveness . (Genesis 13-4). The authors of the bible when praising God do so because he provides rea male child for it.The creation of animals, plants and water are all necessary for the sustainmen t of invigoration, and religion, Be fruitful and multiply fill the earth and subject it have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth and God said, See, I have given you every herb that yields seed which is on the brass section of all the earth, and every tree whose fruit yields seed to you it shall be for food. (Genesis 128-29). Some Christians believe that there is still goodness like Gods around us today in the gradation of stewardship. We look after our world to improve it so we can pass it on to the next generation. another(prenominal) way in which the bible shows Gods goodness is Christians believe that Gods goodness is shown in his son Jesus, and his sacrifice in the name of God. Jesus came to earth as God in human form, he done this to experience the lives of his populate.God thought it was all well and good requesting people to follow rules however because he cares he wanted to experience the liv es of his believers and the difficulties they incur so he sent Jesus. Jesus was the exalted of moral goodness for humanity he displayed the right way in which people should treat all(prenominal) other and how to worship God, and this was recorded and passed onto future generations by it being retold in the bible, even today people can still read it and gain hold upledge of Gods sacrifice.The form of good described in the bible is very different from Platos form of good Platos form of good was perfect and it didnt pull through on solid ground it existed in the realm, making it a concept and not personal to anyone, Platos form of good doesnt birth an relate in situations or in life, it just simply exists, where as the idea of Gods good in the bible focuses almost entirely on moral behaviour. It is concerned that humanity should be making the right choices to life by and always aims to be good.Platos form of the good is perfect, but because it doesnt physically exist what ever g oodness is on earth is only of copy of the ideal thus making it frail when it is practiced. So whatever you think you are doing is good, it is not. However God believes that everyone can be morally good thus living their lives accordingly. As soon as God creates humans he gives them rules of follow, they are to take responsibility for the earth he has created and not take from the tree of knowledge.This shows that he cares not for worship being their main duty, but he takes an interest in their lives. Gods goodness is also shown through his love in the bible, God gives humans free will, to make their own moral decisions but he clearly sets out what is right and what is wrong. However he doesnt force them into obeying those rules, he is loving and lets them choose for themselves, this is an act of love.He knows that because he has made man in his image (Genesis 127) they are like God and they know what is expected of them. Even thought they havent been socialised they still know wha t is morally right. Plato would carry with this statement because he believes we all have knowledge of ideal forms from birth. God commands things to be good because he is omniscient and knows all. So everything that he commands will be perfect, good and loving.

Stakeholder in a Business Essay Example for Free

Stakeholder in a Business shewIf a customers concern was that the product they take to buy is never in root Tescos aim would then be to ca-ca sure they always had products in stock and on the shelves. Customer comments make the most impact be font they argon telling Tescos exactly what it is doing wrong and what inescapably to be d single to improve it so Tesco is encouraged to improve their store for the sake of their customers. They break a tough make up ones mind on the store because if Tescos did non attend to their concerns it would lose customers and sales which could go to other competitors. Customers be split into socio sparing multitudes based on he occupation of the head of the household. It is utilize to see how people in different socio economic groups react to the same stimuli. The first 3 socio economic groups A, B and C1 pull up stakes rat at Harrods because they need better more professional jobs which in happen they will open more money so th ey like the finer things in life so in that respectfore shop at Harrods. The last 3 socio economic groups C2, D and E will shop at Tescos because they sustain average jobs and be likely to be on minimum wage and Tesco if low- damaged so will therefore shop there. The groups be as followed Socio economic group Occupation Tesco or HarrodsA Higher managerial, administrative, professional guinea pig surgeon Harrods B Intermediate managerial, administrative, professional guinea pig rim manager and teacher Harrods C1 supervisory, clerical, junior managerial example shop floor supervisor, bank clerk, sales soulfulness Harrods C2 skilled manual workers example electrician or carpenter Tesco D Semi skilled and bungling manual workers example assembly line worker, refuse collector, messenger Tesco E Casual labourers, pensioners, unemployed example pensioners with emerge private pensions and anyone living on basic clears TescoCustomers of Tesco and Harrods could complain or give f eedback in store or online and the line of reasoning would do their take up to fix these problems in order for the argument to run at its wide-cut potential. (B) Employees Employees atomic number 18 an important stakeholder to Tesco because without them there would be no one to sell the products. Their job affects the growth of the duty because if they do their job well and sell the products the dividing line will bring in money. Employees depend on the business to make sure they are working in a clean and safe environment, there is job security and opportunities for promotion and discounts.Employees end to a fault affect the business if they go on reflect because then the business would devour no workers to help the business run. They also want the business to do well so they depose keep their job because if the business wasnt doing well it energy have to lose workers or close comp permitely. Employees can also have an effect on the business if they let their personal l ife get in the way of their job. Relationships and emotions can cause an employee not to put their wide-eyed trend into the job which could result in poor sales and losing customers.It is vital Tescos employees put all their effort into their jobs so the business excels. The employees at Tescos and Harrods could potentially quit their job if they feel they are not getting treated right on so it is a main priority that the employees are a big priority to the business. For the employees to be treated well at Tesco they want 24 hour security to make sure they are always safe, to know that anything personal is kept confidential and that they get a bewitching income for the work that they do. Employees at Tesco will be much different to employees at Harrods and they will both want different things. C) Suppliers Suppliers supply the products and operate to a business. They can affect the running of a business if the products are not supplied on age. Not having stock on the shelves c ould lead customers to competitors. The suppliers want to have a tenacious term contract with the businesses so they know they are always in business and will never lose money. The suppliers can affect the time, quantity, fictional character and cost of a product. Without suppliers the business could not guarantee that it will always have sufficient high quality materials.It is important that the business maintain easily quality relationships with the suppliers so that raw materials and components can be ordered and delivered at short notice. The suppliers of Tescos and Harrods need to maintain their type if they want to keep contracted with the business losing customers would affect the sales of the suppliers and also the running of the business. (D) Owners Owners and shareholders are enkindle in the business because they will be interest in their dividends and capital growth of their shares.Shareholders also have the power to elect the managing directors who make the decision s for the business. Owners have a big say in the aims and objectives of the business and how they should be decided. The shareholders can receive return in two ways. Firstly by a rise in the share price, so that they can sell their shares at a higher price than the purchase price known as capital gain and secondly based on the level of profits for the year, the gild issues a portion of this to each shareholder for every share that they hold called a dividend. Below I have a copy of the major shareholders of Tesco.Harrods is a private limited company therefore is have fully by quartar holdings. (E) bosom groups Pressure groups are interested in whether the business is acting fittingly towards their area of interest. They are organisations of people who believe in the same cause. They have strongly held views and wish to influence some aspect of the society. These groups of people have more affect to the business than just one individual. Pressure groups have the right to criticis e the government, hold meetings, protest and be able to have their views broadcasted and heard by the media.Pressure groups have to inform the local authorities and police to let them know they are passage to protest. Pressure groups can protest in a number of different ways such(prenominal) as Internet, petition, letters and mass media. These can have a big effect9i on the public and if large numbers racket of people protest this could lead to the business changing. Pressure groups at Tescos will campaign for Tescos to stock fair trade products because they believe the workers are getting paid a fair price. (F) slew unions condescension unions represent the interest of workers.Their main priorities are to guide, protect, help and support fellow workers. This creates a group of professionals wanting a say in their profession making individuals power stronger. They aim to achieve familiar goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, achieving higher pay and increasing the number of employees. Trade unions originated in Europe and then they became popular in many countries during the industrial revolution because many workers were mistreated and underpaid. Trade unions may enforce strike or resistance to lockouts in furtherance of particular goals.Trade unions can also promote legislations favourable to the interests of their work members. Trade unions can provide benefits such as to comprehend members of unemployment, old age and funeral expenses. If trade unions put forward they wanted a pay rise of 5% there would be negotiation on both sides, the case would be unlikely but they could squinch the pay rise to 2. 5%. In France, Germany and other European countries, socialists parties and democrats played a prominent role in forming and grammatical construction up trade unions.Trade unions have been said to have ineffective policies on racism and sexism, such that a union is justified in not backing a member taking action against another member. T he 4 main trade unions in the UK are * General unions these are for skilled and unskilled workers performing different jobs in different industries such as cleaners and transport workers * Industrial unions these are for different workers in the same industry example the subject area union of miners covering workers at all levels in the hierarchy. Craft unions these are fairly small unions for skilled workers performing the same or similar work in different industries such as musicians. * professional unions these are for professional workers who perform the same or similar tasks in the same industry example teachers or scientists. (G) Local and nationals communities The residential district have an interest for the business because they get their products and services from them and they look for jobs from them. The community can have a big say on where the businesses location will be and expects the business to be environmentally friendly and as less disruptive as possible.T he community have a big impact on the business because it is them that are customers to the business. If a new business was placed in a small community such as Tescos it could put other small businesses out of business example butchers, corner shops which could then affect the community if there shops that they shop at regularly have been put out of business due to this one store. (H) Governments Governments have an interest in the business because they collect tax from them.The government can affect the business in many ways such as businesses have to pay a variety of taxes to central and local governments including corporation tax on their profits, VAT on their sales and business rated to the local council for provision of local services. Businesses can also benefit from government incentives and initiatives, such as new infrastructure, job creation schemes and business relocation packages, offering cut-price rent, rates and low interest loans. Tescos and Harrods have to work wi th certain acts of parliament such as the 1.The employment relations bill, 1999 which states that employees who have been in employment with the same business for a period of one year have the right not to be unfairly dismissed. 2. The employment rights act 1996, which covers unfair dismissal, wordiness and maternity. 3. The sex discrimination act 1975, which states that it is illegal to discriminate against, an employee based on their gender or matrimonial status. 4. The disability discrimination act, 1995 stating that is illegal for a business with more than 20 employees to discriminate against an employee or applier or a job who may be disabled.Conflict between stakeholders * The local community can often suffer at the hands of a large business. Things such as pollution, noise, congestion and the building of new factories can lead the community to complain and if the business faces strong protests from residents and pressure groups it could cause the business to relocate o shu t down meaning people would be unemployed. * Levels of authority can cause conflict between stakeholders. Example, a manager may not feel it has to respect and follow anything an employee says because they are lower and less important them then. There can be conflict between owners and employees if they feel they are not getting fair pay or bonuses. To keep the employees happy you need to build up trust and offering higher benefits and award programmes will assure this. * Suppliers and owners can have conflict if the products and services are not delivered correctly or on time. If a product was not delivered on time and the shelves were out of stock of that product the customers would have to go to competitors and the business would lose out on sales. endTo sum it up stakeholders are very important for Tescos and Harrods to run efficiently and smoothly. Without the stakeholders the business wouldnt have the money to run and they would not be as successful as they are today. To conc lude stakeholders are one of the key factors to a businesss success or failure. The customers are Tescos and Harrods main stakeholders and these have the power to determine whether the business is a success or failure. The employees must(prenominal) do their job properly to retain customer happiness and ensure they will come back.Suppliers are an important stakeholder to the company and must maintain good relationships which will result in a less amount of problems and faster service. The owners are the heart of Tescos and Harrods and their decisions can affect many things in the business. They have to make sure their decisions will not result in a downfall of customers or cause problems with other stakeholders. Pressure groups must be listened to in order for the businesses to know what to improve on and what other stakeholders want from them.Trade unions are also an important stakeholder because companys want to know what their workers want in order for them to do their best abil ity when doing their job. These stakeholders all must work together in order for the business to run smoothly. unity problem can complicate relationships between other stakeholders which can put a stop to the business. Recommendations * I recommend that Tescos and Harrods listen to customer concerns and take them on board, acting on them to the extent that customers stop complaining, because they are the main source of income and they are vital to the business. I recommend that Tescos and Harrods treat all employees fairly and listen to what they want so they are treated with respect. If all the employees get what they want it makes sure that they are well-situated when doing their job and there will be no complaints. * I recommend that suppliers keep a good relationship with the business so they maintain a contract with them that will always keep them in business. Doing this will also return in the businesses favour because if Tesco needed something on short notice the suppliers m ight be able to get the product to them quicker.

Learning-Centered Teaching Essay Example for Free

Learning-Centered Teaching EssayJohn J. Sparkes presents a clear discussion or argument well-nigh the assumeing-centered approach to breeding as a means to address the need to draw distinctions between antithetic styles, approaches, techniques, etc. of learning. This thought is motivated by the diversity of learners and the varying influences of the learning environment and experiences to learners.Sparkes learning-centered approach to teaching looks into considering the nature or characteristics of learners and the dimensions of learning in terms of determining what learning strategies, approaches, techniques, methods, materials, and such to incorporate to pedagogic affectes in order to result to the definitive meaning of learning. Sparkes also suggests that learning-centered teaching is all close to the process of adopting or assuming various types of teaching methods and implementing them within learning situations and environments that suit the bodily structure of each method.(Sparkes, 1999) digression from the established teaching methods, learning-centered teaching, which looks into the accomplishment of the theatrical role of learning, should also considered various learning unavoidably that facilitate the obtention of noesis, skills, and competencies constituting the learning oddments and objectives. The varied structures of learning subjects and materials bring about the need to consider various learning needfully as the ability of a learner to obtain knowledge and skills depends upon the guinea pig of the learning material.Sparkes argued that the learning goal or objective of savvy concepts requires varied processes depending on the course or subject of learning. For instance, understanding concepts in English and literature requires comprehension of reading materials while concepts in Science and Mathematics requires the discernment of problem-solving strategies and processes with the application of the theories and models learne d. (Sparkes, 1999)In addition, Sparkes discussed individual differences, in terms of how learners are able to grasp the learning content and materials according to their own pace and expectations of how the learning process and environment should be. Moreover, the capability of individuals to learn are sex act to their desired learning situations that is, the kind of learning environments, situations, and materials that they would feel comfortable with resulting to their internal and external motivation to learn and engage in the teaching-learning process.(Sparkes, 1999) Sparkes view of the learning in this particular discussion shows how he considers the dimensions of learning realistically, feeling into the emotional, psychological, social, physical, and moral features of the learners are distinct and unique individuals and requiring the need to design the teaching-learning process to adapt to these human specialization in order to facilitate successful learning processes. Spa rkes presented a comprehensive, reliable, and valid discussion of how the landscape of pedagogy should be structured.The teaching-learning process is fueled by the mission, goal, objective, or purpose not only to transmit knowledge but also to motivate the comprehension of knowledge and information for practical application in real-life situations or experiences. The product of learning should result to desirable changes to ones thoughts and ideas and contributions to the community for nation-building and the enrichment of the global society as a whole.Due to this highly significant purpose of the teaching-learning process, the practice of teaching and the learning experiences should ensure that it fulfills what is tasked to do in terms of transferring knowledge and skills and motivating the drive to utilize knowledge purposefully and meaningfully. Sparkes recommendations address these needs and requirements for successful teaching and learning. Sparkes covered various consideratio ns that academic and teaching professionals should consider.I believe that the presentation of the different considerations to the teaching-learning process go forth contribute to the development of pedagogy. Sparkes article is a valuable resource material for understanding the complex nature of learning and the learners and the arrival to various teaching methods, strategies, approaches, techniques, and such that will fit each learning situation or environment appropriately.Learning to adjust pedagogy to the learning and situation, particularly the singularity of the learners, instead of vice versa, ensures that the teaching-learning process will result to what it intends to produce as outcomes for the benefit of the learners and society. Sparkes overall purpose for presenting his text was to directly structure how the teaching-learning process should be designed, eliminating the trial-and-error process of applying various teaching methods, spy it, determining flaws, and redesi gning it to diminish the errors or mistake in the method, and such.For Sparkes, doing so will leave behind umteen errors that will be difficult to reverse once it leaves its mark especially to learners. Sparkes is vitally concerned about redirecting the path of the teaching-learning process so as not to maintain the learning landscape as a ground for experiment since it would be detrimental to implement imperfect teaching procedures or methods as it will affect how learners are going to grasp concepts and learning materials.Therefore, Sparkes discussions are not only mean for the purpose of guiding the teaching-learning process, but also how educational goals and objectives and the curricula should be designed. Overall, Sparkes discussions presents an the need to overhaul the dimensions and structure of education and pedagogy to eliminate detrimental errors and flaws.

Sex Education in Secondary Schools Essay Example for Free

Sex Education in Secondary Schools EssayBackgroundThe health and bright future of every(prenominal) adolescent is shadowed by risk of agitateually transmitted diseases, unwitting pregnancy and even abortion, that provide enable them to reach their goals in flavour. search shows that one spring chicken is infected with world immunodeficiency virus every hour of everyday, while 5% step-up in teenage birthrate, 40.5 births per 100 new(a) woman ages 15-19 (Hamilton et.al.2009).This mind numbing fact, is pointed to the aggressiveness, curiosity and misguidance of teens about the issues of internality. In a Christian country, alike(p) Philippines, these issues are taken with great care and fragility, hence, gibe to Wagoner (2001), this are public issues that should be treated with rights, honor and responsibility instead of fear, denial and blame. The youth have the right to accurate information, deserving of respect and do have an obligation to act responsibly.Ignor ance regarding this is a polar matter that has an easy remedy educate the youth and give hope for a more informed tomorrow (Leavitt, 2009). Because like what Wagoner (2001) express, By this we could shelter their (youth) health and their lives. Sex didacticsal activity on the other hand, according to Kirby (2002) and Alford (2003), it teaches about abstinence as the trump out method of repealing STDs and unintended pregnancy with contraception, it talks about interpersonal and communication skills which help puppyish people explore their own values, goals and options, a prevention schedule that go forth affect multiple deport custodyt and achieve positive health impacts.As support to the worldwide call of sex schooling, Representative Lagman (2008) give tongue to that Reproductive Health Bill was formulated by the congress here in the Philippines, that promotes information on access to both innate(p) and modern family planning method, which are medically safe and ill egal tolerable and assures an enabling environment where women and couples have the freedom and choice on the mode of planning their family while change PopCom in educating the youth.For this reason, the researchers would like to expose the magnificence and cause of sex education program in the cultivation of teens and in the preservation of the country as a whole at the same time, assist and kick the bucket the youth to be responsible non simply in their decision and more importantly to their judgment as to what Villegas (2009) said, The only thing that will bring things to order is time.Statement of the Problem1. What are the importance of desegregation sex education in the learning of teenagers? 2. What are the effects of integrating sex education in the learning and intellectual growth of teens? 3. What would be the impacts of sex education in social, phantasmal and sexual development of teens?Statement of the Objectives1. To instill among the youth the importance of sex education. 2. To show the effects of integrating sex education in the learning and intellectual growth of teens. 3. To reveal the impacts of sex education in social, spiritual and sexual development of teens.Scope and Limitations of the carryThe study is only limited on the importance and effects of integrating sex education on the learning of teenagers in the secondary train and its feasible contribution towards nation building and global prosperity. It was guide oned at La Filipina National High School, La Filipina, Tagum City, from February to March 2010 and was participated by 100 respondents consisting of 20 teachers (five every year level) and 80 students (20 per year level).Signifi preservece of the StudyFor the youthThe main purpose of this study is to provide information about sex education, its importance and effects to the academic performance of teens towards ego-preservation and to showcase a wide array of choices to help live a salutary and productive life th at would ensure active participation of youth in nation building and global development in the future.For the parentsThe significance of the study is to help them to realized their big and vital duty to hap the youth and inculcate among them the values they should bear in mind to lighten their path towards a brighter future.For the teachersThe relevancy of this research is to equip them with the right concept in providing non only quality education but in addition how education be used in fighting ignorance as core cause of deemed tomorrow.For the partnershipThe importance of this research is to give the correct and clear meaning of sex education, as thoroughly as, its objectives to heat the community of its advantage to address the increasing population growth and lessen if may not negociate sexually transmitted diseases infected and to bring back youth closer to the Almighty creator.Definition of harmSex Education -is a program that teaches about abstinence and about using condoms and contraception to avoid STDs and unintended pregnancy, thus develop interpersonal and communication skills. Abstinence -refraining from doing sexual activity before marriage. sexually Transmitted Disease -or STD is a disease transferred sexually like AIDS, HIV and many more. Morality-is a conduct or attitude judgment from moral standpoint. Unintended Pregnancy -is similar to unwanted pregnancy.Contraception is the march of figureling birth.Reproductive Health Bill -is a bill in the congress that Aims to control rapid population growth, unwanted pregnancy and abortion. Provide the public interferences and intensive discussions about issues of sexuality.Chapter IIReview of tie in LiteratureThe question of weather sex education should be taught in school took along roll up to this very moment inspite with the fact given by the University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) and Demographic Research and Development Foundation, re verbalize by Dr. Singson ( 2010), 26 percent of our Filipino youth nation wide from 15 to 25 admitted to have a premarital sex experience, and worst is 38 percent of youth are already in live-in arrangement. The Philippine Situationer dated 2009, added that about 1.8m boys and 670,000 girls aging 15-24 have pre-marital relations already, 766 HIV seropositive small fryren and youth, and got pregnant amongst 18-19 years old that contribute to 400,000 indused abortion annually thus infecting the quality of education gained by youth that unable them to be productive.Wagoner (2001), emphasized sexuality education is not an either/ or proposition, its the reality immature people essential and deserved. He throw out stretched, that he will always think that the meliorate way is to try rights, respect and responsibility to give young people tools and, more they will make safe and responsible decision out of it. Sex education on the other hand, according to Alford (2001), teaches abstinence as the best method t o avoid HIV, unintended pregnancy and abortion, it provides value based education, shows miscellany of choices in the manner of living, accurate information about the reality of sexual issues, teaches proper usage of contraceptive materials to serve as shelterion, and preaches religious values to give youth opportunity to explore their own.Macken in 2006 also mentioned the programs efficacy in preventing HIV and other STD. Leavitt (2009), determined ignorance regard safe sex is a crucial matter with an easy remedy educate the youth and give them hope for an informed tomorrow. However, Anderson (1993) President of dig into Ministries International, viewed that the problem is not lack of education, but lack of moral instruction, according to him, young people bringed information about sex, but it must be placed in moral context. He further said that we should provide youth with biblical principles and moral leadership in dissecting this issues. In contrary, researchers of Advocate s of Youth (2009), stated that sex education cl archaean shows programs that do not encourage teens to start sexual intercourse, do not increase even the frequency, instead decrease the number of sexual partners which was supported by Kirby (2001) and Alford (2003) and in Mckeons research in 2006.That is why Rep. Edcel C. Lagman (2008), author of the RH Bill of the Philippines, wishes to proved that, (1) Information and access to natural and modern family planning (2) Maternal, infant and child health and nutrition (3) Promotion of breast feeding (4) prevention of abortion and management of post-abortion complications (5) Adolescent and youth health (6) Prevention and management of reproductive tract infections, HIV/AIDS and STDs (7) Elimination of violence against women (8) Counseling on sexuality and sexual and reproductive health (9) discourse of breast and reproductive tract cancers (10) Male involvement and participation in RH (11) Prevention and preaching of infertility and (12) RH education for the youth strengthen PopCom, are vital to promote a well oriented community that shall raised the level of public awareness on the urgent need to protect and promote reproductive health and rights.The study of Kohler and et al. (2008) said, that its not harmful to teach teens about birth control in addition to abstinence. Mauluer et al. (2009) also added, that sex education greatly boost the delay if not diminish the intercourse participation rate. Dr. Markham (2009), told that we need to develop prevention programs that address the needs of the students who are not except sexually active to promote skills and attitude to help them wait until they are older to have sex, we need to provide knowledge of condom and other contraceptive materials to the sexuality active and to give accurate and literal information and services related to STDs through education. Albert (2010) said, that no one suggests to set guidelines alone will work at all time for all people, that it is important that we will have a extensive portfolio and effective options, and that is what education could cater.Effects In the academic and intellectual growth.Supposed sex education is effectively implemented. The Millennium Development Goal or MDG 2, which seeks to achieve universal primary education will be attained, for the program will help youth to proceed and finish proper education, thus, creating them employable, said Virola (2009). Senderowitz in 2000 analyse that, learning about the reproductive health is pout of the larger developmental process as child be fare adult. He further stated, this developed egotism, a sense of hope and goals for the future, and respect for others. Pick de Weiss et al. (1998), said that the study of Institute Mexicano de Investigacion de Familia y Poblacion or (IMIFP) and the New York- based Population Council showed that the course can increase students knowledge on how to incorporate sex in the larger context of life.Delano in 2000, Association for Reproductive and Family Health Executive Director, revealed that this assessment could provoke life-building skills like negotiation skills, values classification, refusal skills, decision- making and goal setting. She further emphasized, that this skill will enable youth to cope with the demands and challenges of growing up and self management. Moreover, Mahler (1896) agreed, because according to her this will help youth develop and practice decision- making skills, because sex education is not just about sex, but it facilitates self-esteem and the feeling that you have options and you are in control of things.Nguer in 1999 added, that this education allows youth to be more mature and to be able and face some of lifes problems, it was also supported by Vincent et al. (1987), that the program is focused to improve decision-making skills, interpersonal communication skills, self-esteem and balancing of personal values, which is parallel to what Bailie said in 1 995, thus, expressed a strong desire for better education and parents should be part of it. In the study of Cairns (1990), he found out the self-esteem and locale of control were associated with benefits in a single sex school than a mixed- sex environment. Mallam (1993) also revealed that this material body of curriculum showed attitudes toward academic subjects.Impacts on the Social, Sexual and apparitional development Social advancementsSince social aspect is outlined as the relationship and communication into someone or to the community, as a whole. Integrating sex education according to Kirby, restated by Leavitt (2009), that this program can effectively reduced the number of sexual partners. Sex education had been successful in various settings. Sendorovitz (2000), written that the program include peer-based approaches and media activities to reach people thus young people can comfortably and safely explore issues and concerns to practice safer sexual looks.Whitaker (2000) , reported that its effects were safer behavior and strong ties in the family, school and church. Nguer of 2000 also emphasized, that this also involves respect and responsibility. Since the values of respect for women by men and violence were instill in their minds. Bailie (1995) also added that the opportunity for individual counseling with someone they trust like their parents and friends are also given importance. gibe to Dohoney (2007) they (youth) learned about how to say no to sex which is a clear result of having a sound judgment. Sexual improvementsSexual activities are both natural to human and animals yet for human its more sacred and treated with respect. Kirby (2007) found that 30 percent of this program lessens sex frequency and 60 percent reduced unprotected sex. Kohler et al. (2008) said that teens who received sex education were 60 percent was likely to report becoming pregnant. According to Grunseit (1997) this activity delayed the inset of sexual activity, reduce d the number of sexual partners and decrease unplanned pregnancy and STD rates and a significant lessening in sexual risk-taking. Dohoney (2007) said, that receiving sex education before the first sexual activity has the positive outcome.According to Lagman (2008) this reduces abortion rates by as much as 85 percent that negates the need to decriminalize abortion. He added that the United Nation and countries with sex education stated, that the youth understand the proper sexual values, early initiation is delayed, multiple sex partners is avoided, spread of STDs is prevented. In conclusion he said this raise the level of public awareness on the urgent need to protect and promote reproductive health and rights. Spiritual enlightenmentWhen temptation comes let perfection be your guide. 1 Corinthian 1013 said, at that place hath no temptations taken you but such as in common man but GOD is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted. It is clearly stated that with intimate rel ation with GOD no temptation will ever shake the foundation of our very soul which is faith. According to Leavitt, the mission can only be achieved by offering a personal relationship with Jesus Christ as the best way to live a sexually gauzy life.In addition, Sanches (2010) said, that if youre sexually pure because you are educated, you will avoid things that may tempt you to do pre-marital sex, and aborting baby. You wont feel chinchy like used rags, because you believe in God and with it the pursuit for sexually pure is easy.Chapter III methodologyLocale of the StudyThe location of the study may be classified into two First, was at La Filipina National High School, La Filipina, Tagum City and the second was at the University of Southeastern Philippines,Tagum-Mabini Campus, Apokon, Tagum City. The former, includes the gathering of data through survey and latter, signifies the interpretation, analysis and making of the entire research study.ProcedureAfter deciding the topic, rese arches of the anything related to it followed. From these researches, the researchers come up to a survey questionnaire form making it accurate to answer the problems and objectives of the study. The survey was made conclusion March 2, 2010 at La Filipina National High School which was participated by 20 students and 5 teachers every year level summed up to 100 respondents. In every year level, the focus of the survey was only on the first section class having 20 respondents each, composed of 10 boys and 10 girls selected on ergodic order.For the teachers, there were no specific guidelines on choosing who will answer the survey questionnaire. The respondents were chosen for they will be the one who will be affected directly for what so ever the result may be. reading material and analysis of the data gathered followed to form the summary, conclusions and recommendations.

Principle and Practice of Selling Essay Example for Free

Principle and Practice of Selling examineEthics whitethorn be defined as the study of what is good and bad or what is disciplinely or incorrectly. It involves moral code conduct controlling the individuals and societies. People may differ sharply about(predicate) what is good or un estimable behaviour, especially in complex, competitive areas like business. Thus, in business areas, reclaim or ruin decision making usually is based on economic criteria. Ethical predicament can arises in a situation when each alternative choice or behaviour has close to undesirable elements due to potentially negative ethical or personal consequences. Right or wrong cannot be clearly identified. In this chapter, there are four subtopics that we need to cover that consist of sales representatives morals in dealing with customers, salespersons ethical motive in dealing with their employers, salespersons ethics dealing with their competitors and also managing sales ethics. In the first s ubtopic for salespersons ethics in dealing with their employers, the salesperson should know that misusing the bon ton as tack together is one of the right or wrong behaviour.As all(prenominal)body knows, the company assets are only be allowed to be use for official purpose only. Next, the moonlighting position where approximately employees go beyond long lunch hours, taking personal phone calls and also unjustified socializing to actually moonlighting on part time jobs during the same hours they are supposed to be working(a) for their primary employer. More than that, technology theft is also part of the salespersons ethics in dealing with employers. These days, every company provides their salesperson with computers, software and data on their customers.When the salesperson quit or is fired, they can easily take advantage by taking the organizations customer records to use for their afterlife benefits. expiry but not least, affecting other salesperson is also the unethical practices of one salesperson where he or she affect other salesperson like they may take customers away from co-workers. In close subtopic salespersons ethics in dealing with customers, there are some important points that every salesperson should be alert and aware of. Bribe is where a salesperson may attempt to bequest a sullyer by offering money, gift, etc. The salesperson can be charged on a lower floor law if they do so.Apart from that, misrepresentation can be in order to win the sale, some salesperson will promise much more than they can deliver with the idea that the customers will ulterior accept some reasonable excuses. The pursueing point is tie-in sales. It occurs when a buyer is required to buy other, unwanted point of intersections in order to buy a particular line of merchandise. Lastly, price discrimination. Many salespersons may practice price discrimination to improve their sales. Price discrimination refers to selling the same quantity of the product to di fferent buyer at different prices.The next section in this chapter is managing sales ethics, which is include follow the leader, leader selection is important, establish a code of ethics, create ethical structures, encourage whistle-blowing, create an ethical sales climate and establish control systems. Follow the leader means the Chief Executives must set the example of bad and good ethics thus the employee will know better about the right ethics as salespeople. Management must also carefully choose managers with high levels of moral development, and this is what we called as leader selection.Third is about establish a code of ethics, where a formal statement of companys values concerning ethics and social issues. Beside that create ethical structures cab be divided into ethical committee which group of executives appointed to oversee company ethics and second is ethical ombudsman where official minded(p) the responsibility of corporate conscience that hears and investigates ethic al complaints and informs top management to potential ethical issues. Encourage whistle-blowing is employee divine revelation of illegal, immoral, or illegitimate practice on the employers part.Also, the top level manager must punt code of ethics to create an ethical sales climate. Lastly, establish control systems in managing the sales ethics means dismissal, demotion, suspension, reprimand and withholding of the sale commissions would be possible penalties for unethical sale practices. As an appendage to this chapter we found salespeoples ethics in dealing with their competitors beside of their ethics to customers and employers as mentioned above. Here we will converse about several salespeoples ethic in dealing with their competitors. Firstly, belittle the competitors publicly.It is unethical to belittle the competitors by picturing their product as inferior or even shoddy and worthless. To gain the trust from customers, salespeople may even indicate that competitive products are better. Second is stealing shelf space. It also unethical to turn over competitors share of shelf space placing competing products at back or crowding them together. Moreover, it could encourage the same save from competitors. Third is untruthful statement, where also unethical to salespeople to make untruthful stamen about their competitors and might ruin the salespersons temper easily.And finally tempering the competitors product which is not only unethical but also illegal for salespeople to modify competitors product, tamper with their displays and point of sale materials or reduce their product shelf space in sell store and elsewhere. In conclusion, to be an ethical salesperson we must to well known the good ethics that should be followed and what is the bad ethic that should be avoid. Salespeople that do the right things will success in future while part of them who do the wrong things might be fired one day or might face many problems especially law.

Eye Tracking in Usability Evaluation

nerve Tracking in Usability EvaluationIn this belles-lettres review I defecate talked about experiments guideed on usability of various user interfaces and de stigmas using warmheartedness- tracking. The authors of the papers focus on various types of eye movements for usability evaluations ilk saccades, savant dilation, repair, s faecespaths etc. Based on these measurements the try to infer the establish/ bea of interest of the substance abusers, layer on entry, the cognitive load etc. about the user. These conclusions help in understanding the mindset of the users which passel be prevalentised to a larger existence within the law of proximity of time and space and help in making recommendations for dampen design of the interface.Benefits of eye tracking Eye tracking has many benefits. Using eye tracking methods for usability evaluation adept can track how the users act with a accustomed interface or environment. They help in measuring the effectiveness of a op tical chemical element on the interface. The measurements recorded can give an insight into the users mind while making a decision regrading searching or navigating an interface. This can be through with(p) by measuring what users atomic number 18 kindle in, what they are ignoring and what is distracting them from their current parturiencys. They help in figuring out the Area of Interest which I a randomly determine box that may contain some in spurtation or object or potential interest to the user. The quantitative data collected by eye tracking gives a opthalmics imitation usually in the plant of heatmaps(hotspots) which help in better understanding the results. Eye tracking equipments apply now-a-days like Tobii and SMI are easy to set-up, calibrate and handle. They are unobtrusive and provided accurate real-time feedback. The fast passed usability examination of the software development intentness, test conducted using eye tracking can of valuable and effectual inp ut signal providing benefits what will help the users.Eye Tracking in Usability Evalusation A practitioners Guide 1This paper is a general guideline on the use of eye tracking apply for usability evaluation. The author talks about the specialists who conduct the take in, the metrics utilise with the testing, the protocol followed to conduct a test. They as well as talk about when eye tracking can come in handy as compared to the normal usability test which usually include heuristic program evaluation, cognitive walkthrough, checklist, remoter-usability testing, click-tracking etc. The authors talk about the different types of eye movements that are measured like saccades, neutering, pupil dilation, scanpaths etc. These movements provide a log of the visual attention of a user on the interface. It is also interesting to know that the eye tracking gadgets only track the movement of one eye, usually the dominating eye of the beholder.Saccades rapid eye movements.Fixation A linge r at a point for much than than 300ms.Scanpath established by the sequence of saccades and fixations.Most of the studies conducted analyze the fixation manakin. Which can be realized through heatmaps. Red indicates the highest level of fixation followed by green yellow. The areas which are not colored drew no attention.F-Shaped Pattern for indication network content4The author says that a eye tracking reckon was conducted on 232 users on their reading behaviour on webpages. They found a governing F shaped pattern which was undeviating among most of the users. The participants of the experiment were fond to first adhere a long horizontal gaze crossways the screen, followed by a short horizontal gaze on the area below and finally self-aggrandizing a quick vertical scan of the content of the webpage. Occasionally on that point were a few cases of an E and an L shaped pattern but mostly F was dominant with variation in the view of the horizontal bars. These patterns suggest h at usres dont read the textbook on a website line by line. They like to give a scan to see if any of the content available if of interest or not. much(prenominal) reading patterns suggest that first paragraph should contain important and catchy data. While scanning vertically users by and large users generally read the first two words of the text.Visual Hierarchy and Viewing demeanour An eye tracking pick out2The authors of this paper aim to suggest effective improvements in the design of a web page to captivate more users and to disperse important information in an effective manner. For this purpose, they dupe canvas the gazing patterns of users. The author lease tried to decipher the reason behind the F shape viewing pattern by most users which could be due to the arrangements of element on the interface or the delegate at hand. To test this they employ 4 prototypes of a webpage with each having a different visual pecking order. The prototypes differed in the form of being well structed or not and 2 had images of deal and 2 did not. 48 participants were apply for the report which were from different field of the industry and each one was given either a searching labour or a browsing task on one of the 4 prototypes. Fixation patterns using heatmaps was utilize to analyze the data. It was found that users set up more on the part of the page which is preceding(prenominal) the fold. The F shaped pattern was not apparent with any of the conditions as the website was more visually composite as compared to a text based simple website. The well structured and organized pages drew more attention. During searching users hunt to gaze in a scattered manner with more focus on the left wing look of the page where the navigation links are usually located. Browsing is less scattered with few fixations time and is usually defined within the snapper of the interface. Faces drew more attention only when they were placed above the fold of the page and during browsing. They reason out that these insights into a users viewing pattern can help make better designs for different type of websites to draw off users.No subjective ratings were apply to access users comfort while dealings with the different types of interfaces.Efficiency Trust and visual appeal Usability testing through eye tracking5The authors conducted a query on the efficiency, swear and visual appeal of a website and made recommendations on what kind of an interface would inveigle more customers to an e-commerce website and what type of user experience would make a first-time visitor a customer. The author believed that an element of social presence will give a more satisfying experience while navigating an automatise website which lack humane warmth. This accompanied with a aesthetically pleasing interface will make the users cuss the website more. To test this the authors came up with a set of tasks for the users and two dead reckoning which were related to images of mountain on a website and the visual appeal of a website. 522 users were recruited for an online study and each of them were provided with a different prototype of a website. Users were asked the visual appeal and the level of want on the website using seven point Likert scales. After performing p on the online study, authors concluded that websites with images of people are more visually appealing and in turn can a higher level of trust. It was fond that the users conduct the search from left to right. The online study was followed by an eye tracking experiment to confirm the results of the online study. They used a count heat map and a fixation heatmap. 40 were recruited for the eye tracking experiment. The experiment confirmed that images of faces are more helpful in brief attention.Gender Preferences in Web Design Usability Testing through Eye tracking6The authors of this papers tried to look into the visual predilections of male and female users. They have tried to detect he noticeability of bricklets(small box containing useful information) based on their background colour images by male and female users. Since men and woman have different notion of attractiveness, an hypothesis was made on the noticeability of the different prototypes of the bricklets. Men have a tendency to like Acheronian colors and women have a tendency to like light color. 36 participants were chosen for the study out of which 17 were male and 19 were female. 4 type of bricklets were designed with dark and light background color and with and without images. Tasks were designed in such a way so that the users were tested on their ability to detect certain kind of bricklets. It was found that twain male and female fixate less on images and more on the bricklets without images. Female users were attracted more towards the darker background bricklets and male users were not dark-skinned towards a specific colour. The study concluded that what users find appealing is n ot necessary noticeable this was back up by the discrepancy in self report retrospect and the fixation duration on the bricklets by the users.Generation Y and Web Design Usability through Eye tracking7The aim of the authors of this paper is to come up for better design recommendation for retail web sites to attract the millennial generation also knows as generation Y. This generation poses the strongest internet skills and spend around $200 a year on online retail. An hypothesis is made that Generation Y like large images preferably of celebrities and with search features and as little text as possible. Top 50 retail pages were selected. These pages were ranked on the characteristics posed by them based on the predilections of generation Y. A self report study and an eye tracking study was conducted to compare both the results. 99 participants were selected who possessed strong internet skills for the self report study. 9 participants were selected for the eye tracking experiment. The survey and the data provided by the eye tracking device supported the hypothesis made.Eye tracking in Web Search Tasks Design Implications 3The authors of this paper conducted an eye tracking usability testing for a web adit application which was developed by Oracle portal software. Seven users were selected to come six tasks for the study. The users came across 15 screens while completing their tasks and had to spend around 360 seconds to complete one task. The authors recorded the key presses and mouse clicks on the interface and eye movements like saccades and fixations and the dwell time on the Area of Interest were diligently recorded. each task started with a set of scenario and required the user to perform them based on his understanding. The results in this study were not in the form heatmaps but rather in the form of screen bitmap files, fixation file and object file. These files were amalgamated to perform data analysis. The study was performed in a genuinely tax onomical way. The authors studied the eye movements of the users at the task level because at the screen level and then finally at the object level with the focus on Area of Interest. In-depth study was conducted regarding screen visits and distribution. The authors analyzed the pattern for navigating within and in the midst of portlets and concluded that in that location is an inclination for the users to notice the portlets on the left and the stop bout part of the screen in view. The authors tried to discover a relationship between user action, survey sequence and the data derived from the eye movement.Age-related Differences in Eye Tracking and Usability Performance Website usability for Older Adults 8.The authors of this paper conducted usability study of websites through eye tracking to make design recommendations which keep in mind the needs and free of usability and navigation of older adults. 5 websites were used for the experiment. And a comparison was made on how y ou and old people interact with the environment. Around 3-7 young adults and 2-3 older adults were recruited. All of them a possessed a working friendship about using the internet. The participants were given predefined tasks and their fixations were recorded using the unobtrusive eye tracking device. The participants also change out a questionnaire to report their satisfaction level. It was found that older adults focus more on the bear on portion of the screen and ignore the information located on the peripheral areas. Cluttered periphery results in performance hindrance for the old users. The ignorance of the edge of the screen can be related to the cognitive pedigree encountered due to growing age. Older adults were less accurate and efficient as compared to younger adults. Older adults who are ususally un well-known(prenominal) with the environment get easily distracted by unnecessary elements.Seven users are very less as compared to the recommendation of 10-30 participants made by 1. There were often stements made by the authors that there is presently too little evidence to support the notion 3 suggesting that clearly 7 participants for the experiment was not enough and the results produced can be a bane to external validity. 1 also suggest to recruit 20% more participants in case there are problems with calibiratio of the equipment with the users. 2 used 48 users from different fields of the industry sector age not mentioned. 40 people in 5. 6 99 participants were recruited. 8 small number of users. Limits on generalizations made.Users were tested for their visual acuityThe users were made to sign demographic, consent and disclosure forms.The authors conducted initial training tasksThey used a direct mounted system. Although these systems are good for tasks which may require a gang of head or body movement, they are obtrusive. They obstruct a certain portion of the of the field of view of the user and can interrupt a user in hi cognitive process or task at hand as he is constantly reminded of a apparatus being setup on his head.Since this experiment was conducted in 2002 the eye tracking instruments used that time were not technologically that advanced. Therefore, a passel of time and effort went into analyzing the data. Tape recorders were used to capture users comments and a video recorder was also used for in depth analysis.While conducting the experiment it was found that one of the users took very less time to complete the task as compared to others. The authors concluded that users learned about the interface while performing the tasks. But since one of the users showed less reaction to time to the given task at hand the inference suffers from a threat to internal validity because he possessed previous knowledge about similar interface.Threats to generalizibilty as an intrusive setup was used.Dis advantages tedious, requires extensive data reduction, focus on micro-level behaviours, too much noise in the data. sca ds of work required to narrow down on the data that is neededEye tracking study is usually conducted where results of traditional software usability results are compared with that of the results from the eye tracking derived results. The traditional usability tests are usually done using five point Likert scale.In many experiments authors have concluded that users are inclined towards noticing the stop number left side of the interface. It maybe possible that users in these experiments are used to languages that goes left to right and thus are natural disposed to look at the upper left side of the screen. If there experiments were conducted on a subset of population that are used to languages that go from right to left then there could have been different results.Most of the papers have conclude that users tend to ignore important information what is located at the bottom of the page which if below the fold. It could be father investigated that is that information is accompanied w ith an image of a person then would it attract users or not.While investigating the usability of an interface mostly two types of tasks were used browsing and searching. This is because it the viewing behaviours of the users change depending on their task. In searching the users try to find a point of entry into a page and then from their he scans the near the point of entry for relevant information.In the heatmap the areas that are red could be the point of entry for those elements of the interface and the yellow and green areas in the heatmap are the surrounding locations where the users try to locate relevant information.Since the search process is majorly influenced by the factors such as, images, color and text. Designers can make use of these factors to guide the searching process of the usersA trend was found that larger images attracts more attention as compared to smaller images. This can be used to attract user attention towards information that need immediate attention.St udies suggest that images of people tend to attract more attention. For 2 more prototypes of the web pages could have be formulated and compared to see if that was really true.Heat maps are created using data from several participants and are used to analyze the pattern of fixation on an area on the interface.The findings in 2 are in contrast with the one in 4 where the author has concluded on a dominant F shaped pattern. It can be absorbed what for a text based website with a simple visual hierarchy an F shaped pattern of viewing is more visible but for websites that have a complex visual hierarchy the viewing pattern in more scattered although focusing a lot on the left side if the interface which again is dominated by the users reading style form left to right. Different results will most certainly be produced with users who are habitual in reading from right to left.In general websites with good visual appeal and easy navigation elicit trust worthiness and are major contributing factors towards an enhanced user experience.5 says that when since images attract attention, can be used to draw users attention to important information below the fold of a page. But the author of 2 contradicts this by saying that even though images of human faces were placed below they fold they attracted very little attention.5 says that there is no effect of the gender of the image of the face on the website but in ? notice a lot re spots on the heat map over the images of a female. Also, further studies can be conducted to see male images are more appealing than female image and which gender of the images attract the male users and which gender of the images attract the female users.The analysis of the heat maps performed by 5 was more structured as they used a standardized heatmap. Such a map puts a termination on the number of fixations to be considered as a red zone across different prototypes.Although in 5 the authors conclude that users trust level can be enhanced by the increasing visual appeal it should be noteworthy that visual appeal is not all that matters, functionality of a website also plays a major role.the authors of 5 said that users are attracted toward the area where the images of faces were located but little fixation on the images. This is opposed by ? where the authors have concluded that generation Y is then to fixate on the images of faces more. Then again the age difference between the participants in 5 was spread out therefore the two papers made contradictory statements. Also, since 5 is making recommendations for a e-commerce website which is mostly used by generation Y they could have narrowed down the are limit of the participants of the experiment.Papers 5 and 2 concluded that images of faces attract more attention but it maybe possible that images of different musical genre may be more effective. These images when paired with a lowers aesthetic quality webpage may not attract any attention at all.Keeping the ethical issu es in mind ,, and did not made the users sign Informed consent form and no information is provided if the participants were briefed or not.7 suggest that generation Y is more attracted towards images of celebrities. But the study may fail external validity as it has not considered the population of the people who are not familiar with those celebrities. To extend this study a search task could have been given to the users to gain a more indepth understang of likes and dislikes of generation as done ny authorss in 2 and 3.7 conducted a research on generation Y but we know that baby boomers are constitute major part of the population that uses the internet. Results form 2, 7 and 5 can be combined to make recommendations for designs that would attract more users and increase user satisfaction. These designs would generally contain more images of faces, important information will be located on top left corner of the screen. To draw attention towards the part of the page below the fold images of celebrities can be used in an effective manner.Most studies concluded that users tend to focus on the left side of the interface but the studies conducted in8 concluded that older adults ignore the left navigation area. This suggests that younger users who are more familiar with the interface know where to look at for navigation but this lack of knowledge and experience retard the performance of an older adult.To help out the tease out the age effect designers can do a dual placement where navigation information can be placed in the center and the peripherals of the screen.All the eye tracking studies performed were under a laboratory condition. Here the users are asked to perform task in which they might be interested. These results maybe different in a real world agency when users are performing tasks of their own interest and are aware that the are not being monitored.